Monday, March 31, 2008

STEPHEN CAMP - CORBON "DPX"

UPDATED TUES. - APRIL 1, 2008

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Signs of Satan!

Well known people showing off the hand signal which represents Satan.

The following is an excerpt above from the "Satanic Bible"...

Horned Hand or The Mano Cornuto:

This gesture is the Satanic salute, a sign of recognition between and allegiance of members of Satanism or other unholy groups.


I Love You, Devil?

The "El Diablo" hand sign often is con-fused with the deaf hand signal of the phrase, "I love you." While at first this appears an odd resemblance, we register an "ahh, I get it!" emotion when we discover that the person who invented, or created, the hand sign system for the deaf, Helen Keller, was herself an occultist and Theosophist. Did Keller purposely design the deaf's "I love you" sign to be such a remarkable imitation of the classic sign of Satan? Was Keller saying, basically, "I love you, Devil?" -Texe Marrs (See CODEX MAGICA).

"She invented over 60 different signs by which she could talk to her family before the age of seven. For example, if she wanted ice cream she would wrap her arms around herself and pretend to shiver." -SOURCE


Satanists or just a mere coincidence?


Prince William

Maria (Kennedy) Shriver at her marriage to Arnold Schwarzenegger

George W Bush
(Member of Skull and Bones, and Bohemian Grove)

Tom Ridge, former Homeland Security Director

Above: Outgoing Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge (formerly Governor of Pennsylvania). Surely he's not a Longhorns Fan?

Senator John Edwards

Above: Former North Carolina Senator John Edwards (also the Democratic Vice Presidential candidate in 2004). Is he a Texas Longhorns fan too?

Yasser Arafat


Italian Prime minister Berlusconi

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USA 2008: The Great Depression

Food stamps are the symbol of poverty in the US. In the era of the credit crunch, a record 28 million Americans are now relying on them to survive – a sure sign the world's richest country faces economic crisis


GETTY

Disadvantaged Americans queue for aid in New York





By David Usborne in New York
Tuesday, 1 April 2008

We knew things were bad on Wall Street, but on Main Street it may be worse. Startling official statistics show that as a new economic recession stalks the United States, a record number of Americans will shortly be depending on food stamps just to feed themselves and their families.

Dismal projections by the Congressional Budget Office in Washington suggest that in the fiscal year starting in October, 28 million people in the US will be using government food stamps to buy essential groceries, the highest level since the food assistance programme was introduced in the 1960s.

The increase – from 26.5 million in 2007 – is due partly to recent efforts to increase public awareness of the programme and also a switch from paper coupons to electronic debit cards. But above all it is the pressures being exerted on ordinary Americans by an economy that is suddenly beset by troubles. Housing foreclosures, accelerating jobs losses and fast-rising prices all add to the squeeze.

Emblematic of the downturn until now has been the parades of houses seized in foreclosure all across the country, and myriad families separated from their homes. But now the crisis is starting to hit the country in its gut. Getting food on the table is a challenge many Americans are finding harder to meet. As a barometer of the country's economic health, food stamp usage may not be perfect, but can certainly tell a story.

Michigan has been in its own mini-recession for years as its collapsing industrial base, particularly in the car industry, has cast more and more out of work. Now, one in eight residents of the state is on food stamps, double the level in 2000. "We have seen a dramatic increase in recent years, but we have also seen it climbing more in recent months," Maureen Sorbet, a spokeswoman for Michigan's programme, said. "It's been increasing steadily. Without the programme, some families and kids would be going without."

But the trend is not restricted to the rust-belt regions. Forty states are reporting increases in applications for the stamps, actually electronic cards that are filled automatically once a month by the government and are swiped by shoppers at the till, in the 12 months from December 2006. At least six states, including Florida, Arizona and Maryland, have had a 10 per cent increase in the past year.

In Rhode Island, the segment of the population on food stamps has risen by 18 per cent in two years. The food programme started 40 years ago when hunger was still a daily fact of life for many Americans. The recent switch from paper coupons to the plastic card system has helped remove some of the stigma associated with the food stamp programme. The card can be swiped as easily as a bank debit card. To qualify for the cards, Americans do not have to be exactly on the breadline. The programme is available to people whose earnings are just above the official poverty line. For Hubert Liepnieks, the card is a lifeline he could never afford to lose. Just out of prison, he sleeps in overnight shelters in Manhattan and uses the card at a Morgan Williams supermarket on East 23rd Street. Yesterday, he and his fiancée, Christine Schultz, who is in a wheelchair, shared one banana and a cup of coffee bought with the 82 cents left on it.

"They should be refilling it in the next three or four days," Liepnieks says. At times, he admits, he and friends bargain with owners of the smaller grocery shops to trade the value of their cards for cash, although it is illegal. "It can be done. I get $7 back on $10."

Richard Enright, the manager at this Morgan Williams, says the numbers of customers on food stamps has been steady but he expects that to rise soon. "In this location, it's still mostly old people and people who have retired from city jobs on stamps," he says. Food stamp money was designed to supplement what people could buy rather than covering all the costs of a family's groceries. But the problem now, Mr Enright says, is that soaring prices are squeezing the value of the benefits.

"Last St Patrick's Day, we were selling Irish soda bread for $1.99. This year it was $2.99. Prices are just spiralling up, because of the cost of gas trucking the food into the city and because of commodity prices. People complain, but I tell them it's not my fault everything is more expensive."

The US Department of Agriculture says the cost of feeding a low-income family of four has risen 6 per cent in 12 months. "The amount of food stamps per household hasn't gone up with the food costs," says Dayna Ballantyne, who runs a food bank in Des Moines, Iowa. "Our clients are finding they aren't able to purchase food like they used to."

And the next monthly job numbers, to be released this Friday, are likely to show 50,000 more jobs were lost nationwide in March, and the unemployment rate is up to perhaps 5 per cent.

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Corbon .45 Auto Rim 160-gr. DPX

By Stephen Camp

The .45 Auto Rim has never been what anyone would call a big seller. For years it was available from Remington in a 230-gr. LRN @ approximately 800 ft/sec. Ammunition was expensive and lackluster in performance, but very nice things could be done if a handloader.

On the left is Corbon's 160-gr. DPX auto rim round and on the right, their .45 ACP "Compact Gun Load," the same bullet at the same nominal velocity, but in the familiar ACP case. Note the very great difference in the auto rim's rim. This is because no clip is used. These work in .45 ACP revolvers the same way other rimmed revolver cartridges do. They will not work in the automatic pistols. Corbon's 45 Auto Rim DPX load is a new addition to several popular calibers in this line of ammo.

Were it not for revolvers being made for use with .45 ACP via moon clips, I think the auto rim would be a dead cartridge. For years the only manufacturer of either loaded ammunition or cases was Remington. Starline Brass now makes new cases in this caliber.

On the left we see a half-moon clip holding 3 rounds of Corbon 160-gr. DPX 45 ACP ammunition. The three rounds at the bottom of the cylinder are the auto rim load as are the six shown in the picture on the right. The auto rim is a revolver cartridge and handles the same as the .38 Special or .357 Magnum.

I believe the auto rim may be saved from extinction for a number of reasons. First, many states have passed concealed carry laws so that more folks are interested in a compact carry gun and more than a few prefer revolvers. Of those, there are people who simply do not trust the "small bores" and believe that a defensive cartridge's caliber designation should start with a "4". Thus, there are some .44 Special, .45 Colt, and .45 ACP revolvers. Other than some convertible .45 ACP/45 Colt single-action revolvers most are traditional double/single action and have swing-out cylinders. In order to hold the cartridge for positive firing and consistent positioning as well as ejection, moon clips are required. These are available in two forms: full moon, which holds a full six in the case of .45 ACP and half moon, which holds three.

The use of moon clips is almost universally acknowledged as a pain in the rear end. They can be difficult to load and are always a little slice of hell to unload. Tools to make removal of empty hulls do exist in various forms and I use a rather inexpensive one myself.

On the left we see two Corbon 160-gr. DPX cartridges in .45 Auto Rim. Next to them are a full moon clip of .45 ACP and a tool for removing fired cases from the clip. This hassle might be a contributing factor in making the auto rim more popular with non-reloaders. HKS makes a speed loader for 45 auto rim. It is their Model 25M and can be found here: http://www.pistoleer.com/hks/revolver.shtml

Corbon is a name long associated with throttle-to-the-firewall +P loads that almost always led the pack with regard to velocity, but they also make heavy bullet hunting loads as well and offer more than one approach to enhanced performance defense ammo. Their latest is the DPX line of anti-personnel cartridges.

DPX stands for Deep Penetrating X-bullet. The X-bullet from Barnes is made completely of a copper alloy and contains no lead. There is no jacket. There is a hollow point to be sure, but the bullet is of the same material through and through. In the manufacturing process, the bullet is designed to expand via six equidistant petals compared to four common to the Barnes line of rifle-caliber X-bullets.

Though in .357 caliber, we can see that the Hornady XTP (conventional jacketed lead) is shorter than the homogeneous X-bullet even though both of these weigh 125-grains. The same is true in 45-caliber. The use of an X-bullet will reduce available powder space more than with a denser lead bullet of the same weight. This is not necessarily a bad thing. The X-bullets used by Corbon in their DPX ammunition is loaded to performance levels rather than the highest possible velocity.

One of Corbon's latest additions to their DPX family of defense ammunition is the .45 auto rim. It is a standard pressure load. The nominal muzzle velocity is listed as 1050 ft/sec, but their website gives no barrel length used for this figure. For all intents and purposes, it is their .45 ACP Compact Gun Load being offered for .45 ACP revolver shooters in a cartridge that negates the need for moon clips.

Corbon 45 Auto Rim 160-gr. DPX comes in boxes of twenty. The bullet is the same as is used in their 160-gr. 45 ACP DPX load, but with a cannulure added to insure that the bullet remains secure during recoil from smaller, lighter revolvers.

I recently obtained some of this new ammunition. The only .45 ACP revolver I own is a Smith & Wesson Model 625 with a 5" barrel. This is hardly an ideal concealed carry revolver but it's what I had. I expected velocities to be a bit higher than the published 1050 ft/sec and they were.

I would have preferred a snub revolver as well in these tests but used the only one I had available. Hopefully this information will still be useful to those with the shorter barrel six-guns.

Using this one revolver, I checked the ammunition for a number of things including accuracy, felt-recoil, and consistency over the chronograph. I also performed my own informal expansion testing using both water and super-saturated newsprint I soaked for 24 hours and drained 30 minutes before shooting.

Shooting: All shooting in today's test was done in slow-fire, single-action, and from a seated position with my wrists braced. I wanted to see if the load was accurate. Though such luxuries are not present in the situations for which this defensive ammo is intended, I personally have no use for ammo that cannot group to my satisfaction. For me, inaccurate or inconsistent ammunition is not acceptable. I was not disappointed.

I fired at distances of 15 and 25 yards, both of which are well beyond normal self-defense scenario parameters. My thinking is that if it will group satisfactorily at 25 yards, it certainly will at 10 feet.

It also occurred to me that probably the most popular bullet weight in .45 ACP is still 230 grains. Therefore, I shot a group of 12 shots at 15 yards using Remington UMC 230-gr. FMJ ammunition to compare with the 160-gr. DPX using the same POA.

My normal handload for 45 auto rim is a 250-gr. CSWC loaded to 860 ft/sec. This is a very consistent and accurate load. It is shown to the left of the 160-gr. DPX from Corbon. My revolver is sighted in for the handload, but is "close" with the 230-gr. ammunition used by most .45 auto shooters.

Between each set of arrows (except for one pulled shot) is the group shot at 15 yards with the traditional 230-gr. ammunition and the light-for-caliber DPX. The center of the bullseye was the POA. (When using the 250-gr. CSWC handload, I use a six o'clock hold.) The DPX struck a bit over 2" lower than the FMJ for the same POA at this distance.

Even though I adjusted the rear sight a bit, I didn't get quite enough vertical adjustment and still hit a bit low at 25 yards when using the center of the bullseye as the POA. This six-shot group is well inside 2".

I did not do any rapid-fire with this load. The reason is that such measures only my ability with this N-frame S&W and may or may not translate meaningfully with either the skill of another shooter using the same or more compact handgun. In other words, I cannot accurately predict how much "combat accuracy" the load has for another. I can say that felt recoil was minimal and felt less than with the Remington ball, which averages 821 ft/sec from this revolver.

Chronograph Results: Ten shots were fired from the revolver to obtain the listed figures below. This was done with the muzzle 10' from the chronograph screens.

From the 5" S&W Model 625, Corbon's 160-gr. 45 AR DPX averaged 1108 ft/sec. The Extreme Spread was 37 with a Standard Deviation of 12. This would have been even closer were it not for the last two shots.

Here are the results for individual shots in feet per second:

Shot #1: 1099

Shot #2: 1100

Shot #3: 1104

Shot #4: 1102

Shot #5: 1098

Shot #6: 1107

Shot #7: 1111

Shot #8: 1105

Shot #9: 1122

Shot #10: 1135

This is very consistent ammunition.

Expansion Testing: As I've mentioned in previous articles, I do not have the money or the controlled environment to use calibrated 10% ballistic gelatin. I generally use two media for testing: water and "wetpack", which is merely super-saturated newsprint I've soaked for 24 hours and then drained 30 minutes prior to shooting.

Fired into water, this standard pressure load expanded every time. Five shots were fired.

The expanded DPX bullet shown above expanded to 0.782" x 0.605" x 0.63" tall and lost no measurable weight. Average for all five bullets fired into water was 0.784" x 0.631" x 0.461" tall.

Wetpack does not give as accurate estimations of penetration depths as does 10% ballistic gelatin, but Corbon advises that this bullet is designed to penetrated at least the 12" minimum recommended by the FBI. As a "control" I also fired a Winchester 230-gr. Ranger JHP (RA45T) to compare its penetration depth to the 160-gr. DPX. It has an average velocity of 869 ft/sec fired from the 5" S&W.

Ten rounds of 160-gr. DPX were fired into the saturated newsprint and the average penetration depth was 6.25". Ten Winchester Ranger rounds were fired and averaged 6.5" penetration. The Ranger law enforcement ammunition is praised by folks on various sides of the "stopping power" issue as being a consistent expander that can be counted upon to penetrate approximately 14" of 10% ballistic gelatin. Likewise, the Corbon DPX bullet expands consistently after passing through various intermediate barriers such as the dreaded 4-layers-of-denim test. It appears that it will penetrate at least the 12" demanded by most ammo-conscious users these days.

In the wetpack, the average expanded diameter of the Winchester Ranger was 0.75" x 0.73" x 0.462" tall and the bullets neither fragmented nor lost any measurable bullet weight.

Corbon 160-gr. DPX expanded to an average diameter of 0.73" x 0.71" x 0.475" tall.

Shown is a Winchester 230-gr. Ranger JHP flanked by (left) Corbon 160-gr. DPX fired into water and on the right, a DPX fired into wetpack like the Ranger.

These bullets were all fired into wetpack. Note the cannulure on the DPX for use in the auto rim cartridge. I pulled a couple of bullets with a kinetic bullet puller. Trust me, these will not unseat themselves in recoil.

Conclusion: For folks using the .45 ACP revolver for self-protection against felons, I believe that the Corbon 160-gr. load merits serious consideration. It will probably be used in lighter, more compact revolvers than what I used and with somewhat lower velocities. According to Corbon, this DPX bullet begins to expand at an impact velocity of 800 ft/sec. I can only guess here, but I'll bet that 3" velocities are in line with the 1050 ft/sec listed by the maker. The powder used is flash retardant and is reportedly optimized for use in shorter barrels. I expect velocity lost to be minimal and based on what I saw with the same load in ACP form, estimate it at between 950 and the listed nominal velocity.

(For those interested in the .45 ACP Compact Gun Load in the same bullet weight, follow the link below:

http://www.hipowersandhandguns.com/Corbon%20160%20gr%20DPX.htm)

Earlier I mentioned that felt recoil was less. Putting a calculator to the bullet weights and their measured velocities from my revolver, the Corbon 160-gr. DPX auto rim round generates right at 7% less felt recoil than the Remington UMC 230-gr. FMJ. This should be easily controllable in a compact revolver.

There were no misfires or any problems at all with this ammunition.

The Starline cases used by Corbon did not bind when used in my S&W revolver and fired cases literally could be shaken out of the cylinder without use of the ejector rod. This load could have been "hotter" but the DPX line is loaded to the levels at which optimum performance occurs. This may not necessarily be at maximum allowable speeds.

Corbon 160-gr. 45 auto rim is intended for distances commensurate with the average deadly force scenario. The bullet is light for caliber and would not be well suited for use at extended distances as might be expected in hunting scenarios. It provides minimal recoil for quick repeat shots and being standard pressure, is easy on the smaller guns it might be used in. Flash retardant powder especially for use in short barrels gives the user all the advantages Corbon can. The ammunition is a consistent expander from what I've seen and capable of very fine accuracy.

Were I toting a small .45 ACP revolver, it would be loaded with this ammunition.

A revolver loaded with Corbon 45 auto rim 160-gr. DPX should be an effective defensive handgun that is easy to control and be effective on the receiving end.

For information on this and other Corbon ammunition or questions, here is a link to their site:

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www.actionsbyt.com

www.actionsbyt.blogspot.com

Thursday, March 27, 2008

BERETTA 92 - RECOMMENDED & MORE

UPDATED SUN. - MARCH 30, 2008


rense.com
Bush Closer To Bombing Iran
By Matthew Rothschild
The Progressive - UK
3-30-8
The odds of Bush bombing Iran have gone up dramatically this week.
There's just no other way to rationally interpret the resignation of Admiral William Fallon as head of Centcom.
Fallon resigned, and more likely was pushed out, after Esquire published an article on him entitled "The Man Between War and Peace." It said he was the one standing in the way of Bush bombing Iran.
He's not standing in the way any longer.
Actually, his rival, General David Petraeus, is now more powerful than ever. And as the Esquire article noted, Petraeus has said: "You cannot win in Iraq solely in Iraq."
Fallon seemed to understand the risk he was taking when he took the job as head of Centcom. He told Esquire: "Career capping? How about career detonating?"
Fallon's fate as a weathervane for war with Iran has been clear since the time of his confirmation, when he told a source that an attack on Iran "will not happen on my watch." His watch just stopped.
He also said at the time, "There are several of us trying to put the crazies back in the box."
But the crazies are still bounding around outside the box, and none crazier than Dick Cheney, who is off on a Mideast trip, ostensibly to deal with Israel and Palestine and also with high oil prices.
But there are other purposes, as well. Cheney is visiting Oman, "a key military ally and logistics hub for military operations in the Persian Gulf," notes U.S. News & World Report. What's more, according to U.S. News, "two U.S. warships took up positions off Lebanon earlier this month." The Pentagon "would want its warships in the eastern Mediterranean in the event of military action against Iran to keep Iranian ally Syria in check and to help provide air cover to Israel against Iranian missile reprisals," the story said. "One of the newly deployed ships, the USS Ross, is an Aegis guised missile destroyer, a top system for defense against air attacks."
U.S. News cited three other signs why war is more likely now: Israel's airstrike on Syria, Israel's war with Hezbollah, and Shimon Peres's disavowal of unilateral action.
Here's one more: The director of national intelligence, Mike McConnell, testified to the Senate on February 5 that maybe in last fall's NIE he overstressed the fact that Iran had halted its nuclear weapons work. And maybe he overplayed the fact that Iran doesn't know how to design a nuclear weapon just yet.
And maybe he should have highlighted the fact that Iran was still enriching uranium. And maybe he should have emphasized that, therefore, Iran still poses a potential nuclear threat.
"In retrospect," McConnell said, "I would do some things differently."
Like give Bush and Cheney exactly what they ask for.
Something Admiral Fallon, to his credit, was not prepared to do.
http://www.alternet .org/audits/ 80493/

WIRED MAGAZINE: 16.04


Prepare for the Worst, Because Solar Storms Are About to Get Ugly

By Erin Biba Email 03.24.08 | 6:00 PM
Photo: SOHO, ESA, NASA

Every 11 years or so, the sun gets a little pissy. It breaks out in a rash of planet-sized sunspots that spew superhot gas, hurling clouds of electrons, protons, and heavier ions toward Earth at nearly the speed of light. These solar windstorms have been known to knock out power grids and TV broadcasts, and our growing reliance on space-based technology makes us more vulnerable than ever to their effects. On January 3, scientists discovered a reverse-polarity sunspot, signaling the start of a new cycle — and some are predicting that at its peak (in about four years) things are gonna get nasty.

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ITS ALL PREDICTED IN ISAIAH CHAPTER 34 - VERSE 6
"THERE WILL BE A SLAUGHTER FOR G-D IN BASRA"


« A Mahdi Army militiaman aims with his AK-47 during clashes in the southern city of Basra on March 27. Heavy fighting erupted in a bastion of Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr’s militia on Thursday as military operations against gunmen in the city entered a third day.
(ESSAM AL-SUDANI/AFP/Getty Images)

Violence Flares in Iraq

March 28, 2008 | From theTrumpet.com

Security in Iraq has sharply deteriorated.

Violence has exploded in Iraq after some months of relative quiet.

For the past three days, Iraqi troops have targeted Shiite militias in the southern port city of Basra, with militiamen reportedly using mortar shells, sniper fire, roadside bombs and rocket-propelled grenades to repel security forces. Since Wednesday, at least 56 people have been killed.

Responding to the government crackdown on Shiite militias in Basra, Muqtada al-Sadr’s Mahdi Army is pounding Baghdad’s U.S.-protected Green Zone with rocket fire. The security operation has triggered a wave of Shiite violence through southern Iraq and in Baghdad, and thousands of protestors have demanded Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Malaki resign. U.S. Embassy staff in Baghdad have been advised to wear helmets and other protective gear if they venture outside, and to sleep in blast-resistant locations. The Iraqi spokesman for the Baghdad security operation has been kidnapped and three of his bodyguards killed.

Unsurprisingly, Pentagon officials report that the weapons being used to attack the Green Zone include rockets made in Iran.

The security operation is an attempt by Iraq’s central government to gain control of the critical oil hub of the nation. Basra, Iraq’s second-largest city, is critical to the country’s oil exports, its only source of income: 90 percent of Iraqi crude is exported through the city’s infrastructure. Highlighting the vulnerability of Iraq’s oil-dependent economy was the bombing on Thursday of a major crude export pipeline in Basra, causing the main pumping station to be shut down and reducing oil production and movement by one third until the pipeline is repaired.

Basra has been under control of rival Shiite militias pretty much since the U.S. invasion of Iraq. British troops, who withdrew from Basra late last year, were never able to wrest control of the city from the militias. Now, with security in the region deteriorating, the Iraqi government has acted to gain control of the region.

In a speech broadcast on Iraqi state tv, Prime Minister al-Malaki said Iraq had become a “nation of gangs, militias and outlaws” and he was undertaking a “historic mission” in Basra to restore “the law of the land.”

Al-Malaki has ordered Mahdi Army militiamen to surrender by the weekend; as of Thursday, they were still forcefully resisting the crackdown and still controlling the streets of Basra.

Stratfor reports that the operation is in the interests both of the country’s most powerful Shiite movement, the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (isci) led by Abdel Aziz al-Hakim, and Iran (March 26):

Targeting the chief rivals of the isci, which seeks to establish an autonomous Shiite region in the south, gives al-Hakim’s group an opportunity to consolidate itself in what is perhaps the most important part of the Shiite south. …

Stability in Iraq’s Shiite areas also better serves Tehran’s long-term interests; a southern federal zone could help achieve such stability.

The results of this current security operation could have great impact on the future of U.S. forces in Iraq. It could help prove whether the U.S. troop surge in Iraq has, in the longer term, been a success or failure. Violence has indeed greatly decreased over recent months in Iraq; but this is largely as a result of the unilateral cease-fire of al-Sadr’s Mahdi Army seven months ago. The test is now—when the militia is starting to fight back.

If the Iraqi government demonstrates it has the ability to, at least in part, bring a festering insurgency under control, America will have the rationale it is looking for to hasten troop withdrawal from the country. On the other hand, if the Shiite militias win out, the United States will be all the more forced to rely on Shiite Iran to reign in Iraq’s Shiites. Either way, it is a situation worth watching.

We can expect Iran to try to use this as a means of furthering its influence in Iraq. Read our March 13 article “Troop Surge in Iraq: Success or Failure?” for a longer-term perspective on the Iraqi situation’s impact on America.
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FROM "DEBKA"

Exclusive: First signs of weakening in Maliki-led government Basra offensive

March 28, 2008, 5:26 PM (GMT+02:00)

Basra embattled

Basra embattled

DEBKAfile’s military sources report: After three days of combat, thousands of troops led by prime minister Nouri al Maliki have made no headway in breaking the grip of militias and gangs on the southern oil city of Basra and the outlying towns. Friday, March 28, the prime minister softened his previous ultimatum for combatants to hand over their weapons, extending it from Saturday night to April 8, and throwing in “a financial reward” for those complying.

From a go-it-alone Iraqi venture, Maliki was reduced Friday to calling in US airplanes to bomb militia positions holding fast in Basra. Moqtada Sadr’s Mehdi army appears still in control of the densely-populated areas of Basra, Iraq’s third largest city of 2.5 million, as well as taking over the center of Shiite Nasiriyeh. The intra-Shiite clashes have also spread to the southern Shiite cities of Kut, Hilla, Diwaniya, Amara and Karbala.

DEBKAfile’s sources report that for Maliki, the intra-Shiite conflict which he has ignited in the whole of southern Iraq up to and including Baghdad is looking like a win-all, lose-all gamble for himself and his government.

In the Shiite neighborhoods of Baghdad, thousands of Sadr supporters took to the streets sparring with the US Strykers and police and calling for Maliki to resign.

After Sadr called for a political solution to the crisis, Iraq’s parliament was called into session Friday afternoon. They will meet under the three-day curfew imposed on Baghdad after repeated rocket attacks on the fortified Green Zone seat of government left two US government employees dead.

US embassy staff in Baghdad have been told not to leave reinforced structures and wear protective clothing including helmets following the rocket attacks on the Green Zone – 16 Wednesday and 12 Tuesday. The three-day curfew imposed Thursday night bans pedestrian and vehicle traffic in the city.

Two oil pipelines were hit by bombs after the fighting began - one carrying oil to an export terminal in Basra harbor. Thursday night, Maliki was praised by President George Bush, who said “normalcy was returning to Iraq.”


Beretta 92


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Beretta 92

Beretta 92FS
Type Semi-automatic pistol
Place of origin Flag of Italy Italy
Service history
Used by
  • Italian Military
  • U.S. Military (M9)
  • French Military (92G)
Production history
Manufacturer Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta
Produced 1975–present
Variants See Variants and Development
Specifications
Weight
  • 950 g (33.5 oz) (92)
  • 970 g (34.2 oz) (92S/SB/F/G)
  • 920 g (32.5 oz) (92D)
  • 900 g (31.7 oz) (Compact/Vertec)
Length
  • 217 mm (8.5 in)
  • 211 mm (8.3 in) (Vertec)
  • 197 mm (7.8 in) (Compact/Centurion)
Barrel length
  • 125 mm (4.9 in)
  • 119 mm (4.7 in) (Vertec)
  • 109 mm (4.3 in) (Compact/Centurion)

Cartridge
Feed system Detachable box magazine:
  • 10, 15, 17, 18, 20 rounds (92, 98 series)
  • 11 rounds (96 series)
  • 10, 13 rounds (Compact L)
  • 8 rounds (Compact M)

The Beretta 92 (also Beretta 96 and Beretta 98) is a series of semi-automatic pistols designed and manufactured by Beretta of Italy. It was designed in 1972 and production of many variants in different calibers continues to the present day. It is most famous for replacing the M1911 .45 ACP pistol as the standard sidearm of the United States armed forces in 1985 as the M9 pistol.

Although only 5000 copies of the original design were manufactured from 1975 to 1976, the design is currently produced in four different configurations (FS, G, D and DS) and three calibers:

Contents


History

The Beretta 92 pistol evolved from earlier Beretta designs, most notably the M1922 and M1951. From the M922 comes the open slide design, while the alloy frame and locking block barrel (originally from Walther P38) were first used in the M1951. The grip angle and the front sight integrated with the slide were also common to earlier Beretta pistols.

The Beretta 92 first appeared in 1976 and was designed by Carlo Beretta, Giuseppe Mazzetti and Vittorio Valle, all experienced firearms designers on the Beretta design team.

92

About 5000 copies of the first design were manufactured from 1975 to 1976.

92S

In order to meet requirements of some law enforcement agencies, Beretta modified the Beretta 92 by adding a slide-mounted combined safety and decocking lever, replacing the frame mounted manual thumb safety. This resulted in the 92S which was adopted by several Italian law enforcement and military units. The later relocation of the magazine release button means these models (92 & 92S) cannot necessarily use later magazines, unless they have notches in both areas.

92SB (92S-1)

Initially called the 92S-1 when it was specifically designed for US Air Force trials (which it won), the model name officially adopted was the 92SB. It included the changes of the 92S, added a firing pin block (thus the addition of the "B" to the name), and relocated the magazine release catch from the bottom of the grip to the lower bottom of the trigger guard.

  • 92SB Compact (1981 – 1991), shortened barrel and slide (13-round magazine capacity). It was replaced by the "92 Compact L".

92F (92SB-F)

Beretta modified the model 92SB slightly to create the 92SB-F (the "F" added to denote entry of the model in U.S. Government federal testing) and, later, the 92G for French Government testing, by making the following changes:

  • Design of all the parts to make them 100% interchangeable to simplify maintenance for large government organizations.
  • Modified the front of the trigger guard so that one could use finger support for easier aiming.
  • Recurved the forward base of the grip to aid aiming.
  • Hard chromed the barrel bore to protect it from corrosion and to reduce wear.
  • New surface coating on the slide called Bruniton, which allegedly provides better corrosion resistance than the previous plain blued finish.

U.S. Military use

Marine Corps Security Guard students perform rapid-fire exercises on the Department of State pistol qualification course Feb. 5 as part of their MSG graduation requirement
Marine Corps Security Guard students perform rapid-fire exercises on the Department of State pistol qualification course Feb. 5 as part of their MSG graduation requirement

When the U.S. Air Force (USAF) began the Joint Service Small Arms Program, Beretta entered the competition. The Beretta 92SB (92S-1) won, but the Army contested the Air Force's methods. There would be several more competitions, and Beretta refined the design of the Beretta 92SB into the Beretta 92SB-F and in slightly modified form the Beretta 92G. These designs were ultimately selected by the United States (Beretta 92F, U.S. Military designation of M9 Pistol) and France (Beretta 92G, French military designation of "PAMAS"). The M9 Pistol was intended to replace the M1911A1 and .38-caliber revolvers and pistols. Over 500,000 M9 pistols were made and the switch-over was largely achieved.

The USAF has scheduled switching over from the early model M9 (92F) to the 92FS standard, according to planning documents. In May 2005, the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) awarded a sole-source contract to Beretta for 3,480 "M9A1" pistols (M9 with an accessory rail, also available to the public from June 2006).

Early problems

Disassembled Beretta M9
Disassembled Beretta M9

Beretta had two major contracts, about 500,000 units for the U.S. armed forces and about 230,000 units for the French armed forces. In the case of the Beretta 92G, it was agreed that the French would supply the slide steel to Italy until GIAT could start licensed production.

After a year of flawless production and testing of M9 pistols in Italy under U.S. Government supervision, testing and later production was transferred to the Beretta U.S.A. factory in Accokeek, Maryland. At the same time, the U.S. Army became responsible for providing 9 mm ammunition (called the M882 round) to support the testing. Using the new ammunition, problems with M9 test pistols began occurring. In some tests, the frames of the pistols showed microscopic cracks after being fired 5,000 rounds during durability testing. Durability tested barrels showed a concentric indentation inside the chamber and, later, reports of slides breaking during field and test usage were reported.

Early analysis of the breakages by the Army suggested that the problems experienced were due to problems with the pistols themselves. Beretta responded to these reports by requesting testing of the M882 ammunition. Dissatisfied with the progress and methodology of the Army's tests of its ammunition, Beretta obtained independent tests of the ammunition that disclosed excessive pressure levels in the rounds (average pressures exceeding 50,000 psi, compared with maximum NATO-allowed pressures of 35,000 psi).

After delays in delivery of M9 pistols while these issues were resolved, Beretta developed a safety mechanism that significantly reduced risk to the shooter should an M9 slide break. The U.S. Army also changed the propellant mix for the M882 round, after which no further pistol breakages of the types previously seen were reported.

During this same time and in years since, the U.S. Army conducted durability testing of M9 pistols at Aberdeen Proving Ground. These tests revealed an average life of the M9 frame at around 35,000 rounds, of the M9 locking block at around 22,000 rounds, and of the M9 slide at around 75,000 rounds, all well in excess of the contractually-required service life of 5,000 rounds for the pistol. In addition, Government-witnessed tests of the M9 pistol at the Beretta U.S.A. facility resulted in average reliability of the pistol at one malfunction every 17,500 rounds.

According to numerous accounts from founding members, the first US military unit to field the Beretta 92 was SEAL Team Six, however due to the extensive use of the pistol by SEAL Team Six (3-5000 rounds per week, per operator), problems that were later evident with other US military users became apparent and SEAL Team Six switched to the SIG-Sauer P226. The P226 later became the standard sidearm for all of the SEAL Teams.

Design

The Beretta 92's open slide design ensures smooth feeding and ejection of ammunition and allows easy cleaning of obstructions. The hard-chromed barrel bore reduces barrel wear and protects it from corrosion. The locking block barrel lockup provides good accuracy and operability with suppressors due to the in-line travel of the barrel. This is in contrast to the complex travel of Browning designed barrels. The magazine release button is reversible with simple field tools. Reversing the magazine release makes left-handed operation much easier.

Increasingly, it has become popular to reduce handgun weight and cost (and increase corrosion resistance) using polymers, and polymer parts have started showing up in Beretta 92/96 models too. In 2003, the first internal polymer part to be introduced was a recoil spring guide. New polymer parts include safety lever, trigger, mainspring cap, magazine floorplate, and follower. In contrast some parts have been painted black to match the included polymer parts, these include; slide release, disassembly latch, and hammer.

Variants

The Beretta 92 is available in many configurations each with a distinct model name. Combining the various options results in more than 50 different configurations, but the major variants are defined by their operation caliber (92/96/98), operation (F/G/D) and combination of optional items (Inox/Brigadier slide/Compact length):

Calibers

Each model name starts with two digits identifying the caliber:

92
Chambered for the 9x19mm Parabellum.
96
Chambered for the .40 S&W, introduced in 1990.
98
Chambered for 9x21mm IMI. This option was introduced in 1991 for markets where it is illegal to own a weapon chambered for a military cartridge such as 9x19mm. There were also about 5000 early 98F manufactured in .30 Luger.

Operation

F (standard)
The current production version of the 92F has a double action first trigger pull, followed by a single action trigger pull for subsequent rounds. The "F" version has a safety lever that also functions as a decocking lever. It is this version that was adopted by the US Army as the M9 Pistol.
G (no safety)
This version was created for and adopted by the French Military as PAMAS ; it is simply a model 92 with a decocking lever that does not also act as safety lever.
D (double-action, no safety)
The double-action-only variant of the 92F or FS.

Options

Vertec
(2003 –)
  • New vertical grip.
  • Short-reach trigger.
  • Thinner grip panels.
  • Integral accessory rail.
  • Removable front sight (can be replaced with Tritium sight).
  • Beveled magazine well (to enable easier/faster reloading).
Brigadier
(1993 – 2006)
60 g (2.1 oz) heavier slide (and 1 mm (0.04 in)wider) to improve control when firing multiple shots in quick succession. It also includes removable front and rear Novak type sights.
92G Elite IA
92G Elite IA
Elite I
(1999 – 2001)
Pistols with this option include the heavier Brigadier slide and some modifications to the grip and bevel of the magazine well. It was introduced in 1999 and replaced by the Elite II option in 2001.
Elite 1A
(2001-2006)
This option replaced the standard grip on the original Elite with the Vertec grip but retained the Brigadier slide. A flat hammer spring cap was standard as well as the stainless barrel, decock only feature and dovetailed front sight. This model also came with an integral rail located underneath the end of the barrel. This allows for mounting a flashlight, laser sight, or other accessory.
Elite II
(2001 – 2006)
This option replaced the Elite I option in 2001 and includes the same features of the heavier Brigadier slide and removable Novak type sights, but also an extended magazine release catch and skeletonized hammer. This option is available only with the stainless-steel slide.
Inox
(present)
Stainless barrel, slide (frame anodized to match color).
Compact L
(1992 –)
Shorter barrel, slide, and more compact frame (13-round magazine capacity).
Compact Type M
(1992 –)
Similar to the Compact L, but has a slimmer grip that accepts only a single stacked 8-round magazine.
Centurion
(1992 – 1996)
Shorter barrel and slide of (like "Compact"), but with standard-sized frame.
CB
(1992 – 1993)
Single action only. It is designed for sport shooting and includes a front barrel bushing for improved accuracy.
Stock
(1994 –)
Heavier Brigadier slide. It is also designed for sport shooting and includes a front barrel bushing for improved accuracy.
Combat
(1994 – 2001)
Heavier Brigadier slide, single-action only and also designed for sport shooting, including a front barrel bushing for improved accuracy. It also came with an additional longer barrel that was weighted.
Billennium
(2001 only)
A limited-edition (2000 copies) commemoritive (of the year 2000) model manufactured in the 2001, featuring the heavier Brigadier slide.
Steel I
(2004 – 2006)
Stainless steel, single-action-only, collector's model. [Edit: Both single-action-only and single/double-action variants exist. Also used and desirable for competitive shooting because of its steel frame (for added weight & strength), the frame-mounted safety and/or Vertec-style grip-frame that are all found to be desirable features in a competition gun.]

Magazine Capacity

To keep in line with the introduction of laws in some locations restricting magazines that hold more than 10 rounds, Beretta now manufactures magazines that hold less than the factory standard 15 rounds. These magazines have heavier crimping (deeper indentations in the side) to reduce the available space while still keeping the same external dimensions and ensuring that these magazines can be used on existing firearms. Italian magazine manufacturer Mec-Gar now produces magazines in blue and nickel finishes with a 17 round capacity, which fit flush in the magazine well on the 92-series. Mec-Gar also produces an extended 20 round blued magazine that protrudes below the frame by a couple of inches. These magazines provide users in unrestricted states with an even higher capacity for sporting or self defense purposes.

93R

The Beretta 93R is a significantly redesigned 92 to provide the option of firing in three-round bursts. It also has a longer ported barrel, heavier slide, fitting for a shoulder stock, extra forward grip, and an extended magazine. Unlike the other Berettas in the 90 series it doesn't have a decocker and very few are around today.

Taurus

The Beretta 92 was designed for sports and law enforcement use and, due to its reliability, was accepted by military users in South America. A large contract for the Beretta 92 was with the Brazilian army, for which Beretta set up a factory in Brazil. This factory was later sold to the Brazilian gunmaker Taurus. Taurus made pistols under license from Beretta based on the original Beretta 92, calling it the PT92.

Users

See also

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New upsurge of Palestinian attacks from Gaza - 16 missiles fired Wednesday injuring 3 Israeli civilians

March 26, 2008, 1:59 PM (GMT+02:00)

A heavy barrage of 7 Qassam missiles struck Sderot Wednesday night, March 26. One exploded in the old market, injuring three people and leaving 16 in shock. Of the 16 fired during the day, after a three-week slowdwon, one landed south of Ashkelon, several exploded in kibbutzim causing heavy damage to property. Israeli military sources tell DEBKAfile that Hamas is passing missiles to Jihad Islami in order to step up the attacks on Israel, without being held accountable and drawing Israeli fire – to heat up tensions for the arrival of US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice this weekend.

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G-D'S WRATH WILL BE TAKEN OUT ON OUR COUNTRY BECAUSE THIS GOVERNMENT ALLOWED THE FORMATION OF "GAZASTAN" --- KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE WEATHER AND THE ECONOMIC ISSUES AS WE ARE IMPLODING FROM WITHIN.

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Basra oil pipeline struck by bomb Thursday on third day of fighting

March 27, 2008, 1:45 PM (GMT+02:00)

Hizballah Brigades of Iraq emblem

Hizballah Brigades of Iraq emblem

It exploded under the Zubair-1 pipeline carrying crude to Iraq’s Gulf terminals. The blast, the second this week and the turbulence which erupted Monday, are expected to affect oil exports and drilling operations from southern Iraq. International oil prices began to rise in response.

In the Shiite town of Kut, Basra’s neighbor, 44 people are reported killed in fighting between Iraqi forces and local militias Thursday.


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